Analysis Document on Liberalism and Socialism

1. Write only Part A and the answers to the questions
2. Write Part B and the answers to the questions

    A- The rights of Man

         1) What should the state do to the rights of the individual?
Must respect not invading and guarantee them against Any possible intervention on the part of others.

         2) What does it mean to attribute someone a right?
Attributing someone a right means recognizing that he has the power to do or not do what he pleases, and at the same time to resist, resorting ultimately to self or others, against the eventual transgressor, who in Consequence has the duty of abstraction of any act that may interfere with the faculty of doing or not doing.

         3) What is iusnaturalism?
As the "philosophical" budget of liberalism, because it serves to establish the limits of power based on a general and hypothetical conception that dispenses with all empirical verification and all historical evidence.

         4) What is the principle of the Liberal State?
The objective of all political association is conservation Of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man.

    B- Theoretical outline

         1) What is the materialist conception of history?
The naturalist conception of history starts from the thesis that production, and with it the exchange of its products, is the basis of all social order.

         2) What causes social changes?
The ultimate causes of social change and of all political revolutions are in the changes undergone in the regime Production and exchange; Have to be sought not in philosophy, but in the economy of the time in question.


The Rights of Man

The philosophical budget of the liberal state, understood as a limited state as opposed to the absolute state, is the doctrine of the rights of man elaborated by the school of natural law; The doctrine, according to which man, all men indistinctly, have by nature, and therefore regardless of their will, much less the will of a few or of one, some fundamental rights, such as the right to life , Freedom, security, happiness, that the State, or more specifically those who at a certain historical moment have the legitimate power to exercise force to obtain obedience to their mandates, must respect not invading and guarantee them against Any possible intervention on the part of others.

Attributing someone a right means recognizing that he has the power to do or not do what he pleases, and at the same time to resist, resorting ultimately to self or others, against the eventual transgressor, who in Consequence has the duty of abstraction of any act that may interfere with the faculty of doing or not doing. "Law" and "duty" are two notions that belong to the prescriptive language and as such presuppose the existence of a rule or rule of conduct that at the moment when it attributes to a subject the faculty of doing or not doing something imposes on who Is to abstain from any action that may in any way impede the exercise of such power. It is possible to define iusnaturalism as the "philosophical" budget of liberalism, because it serves to establish the limits of power based on a general and hypothetical conception that dispenses with all empirical verification and all historical evidence. In Chapter II of the Second Essay on Civil Government, Locke, one of the fathers of liberalism, departs from the state of nature described as a state of perfect liberty and equality, governed by a law of nature that teaches how many human beings they want Consult it that, being equal and independent, no one should harm another his life, health, freedom or possessions.

This description is the result of a hypothetical reconstruction of a supposed original state of man, whose only object is to adduce a good reason to justify the limits to the power of the State. In fact, the doctrine of natural rights is the basis of the Declarations of rights of the United States of America and of revolutionary France which affirms the fundamental principle of the liberal state as a limited state: The objective of all political association is conservation Of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man ...




Theoretical outline


The naturalist conception of history starts from the thesis that production, and with it the exchange of its products, is the basis of all social order; That in all societies that parade through history, the distribution of products, as well as the social division into classes and estates, is governed by what is produced and how it is produced and by the way of exchanging what is produced. Accordingly, the ultimate causes of social change and of all political revolutions should not be sought in the heads of men or in the increasingly clear idea that they are forged from eternal truth and justice, but in the changes undergone in the regime Production and exchange; Have to be sought not in philosophy, but in the economy of the time in question.